Large scale flow around turbulent spots

Numerical simulations of a model of plane Couette flow focusing on its in-plane spatio-temporal properties are used to study the dynamics of turbulent spots.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figure

Active-Coupling Mixing Times for a Stirred Binary Liquid

Mixing times measured for a stirred critical binary liquid mixture are seen to vary dramatically with Reynolds number, Prandtl number, and the initial value of the order parameter. These variations are far too large to be explained by passive-mixing calculations; they also differ in significant respects from the active-mixing predictions of Ruiz and Nelson

Successful Demonstration of Relieving CO2-Solid-Forming Streams through a Pressure Relief System

PresentationThe demand for natural gas, considered the cleanest burning hydrocarbon fuel available, is expected to rise significantly over the foreseeable future. However, natural gas produced from many major reservoirs can contain significant amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) and must be treated before it can be used as an environmentally acceptable fuel. These treatment processes often require high-pressure operations forming highly concentrated CO2-rich streams. Pressure protection for these systems has been challenging to date because of the potential for solids generation upon pressure let down and the consequent potential for plugging that the solids present. ExxonMobil has completed successful field demonstrations relieving dehydrated, CO2-rich liquid and vapor streams forming up to 40 wt% solids in relief lines. The results of these field demonstration tests as well as learnings from design of CO2-solid-forming relief systems are discussed in this paper

The Counterpart Principle of Analogical Support by Structural Similarity

We propose and investigate an Analogy Principle in the context of Unary Inductive Logic based on a notion of support by structural similarity which is often employed to motivate scientific conjectures

Electron Beam Nano-Etching in Oxides, Fluorides, Metals and Semiconductors

Etching, lithography, hole formation, surface restructuring and external machining can all be performed on a nanometre scale using an intense electron beam. Results are presented for a range of different materials which demonstrate the variety of mechanisms by which electron beam nano-etching can occur. For example, in crystalline 13-alumina hole formation occurs by surface indentations growing inwards to join up and form a nanometre diameter hole. In amorphous alumina, on the other hand, hole formation is from the inside-out: oxygen gas bubbles form under the electron beam, coalesce, and burst to leave a well defined nanometre diameter hole. In MgO and Si, holes develop from the electron exit surface: whereas in Al voids form along the irradiated volume, leading eventually to the development of a hole at the electron entrance surface. The potential of electron beam nano-etching to lithography and information storage is demonstrated by showing that the entire contents of the Encyclopaedia Britannica can be written on a pinhead

Enhancing Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander young people’s resilience to blood borne and sexually transmitted infections: Findings from a community-based participatory research project

Issue addressed: Health services are fundamental to reducing the burden of blood-borne and sexually transmitted infections (BBV/STI) in Indigenous communities. However, we know very little about young Indigenous people’s use of mainstream and community-controlled health services for the prevention and treatment of these infections, or how health services can best support young people’s efforts to prevent infection. Methods: University-researchers, a site coordinator and peer researchers developed a project and conducted interviews with 45 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people aged 17 to 26 years. Thematic analysis of interviews notes identified key themes around health service use and experiences of Aboriginal Community-Controlled Health Services (ACCHS). Results: Most participants had accessed health services for the prevention or treatment of BBV/STI, with positive experiences characterised by the provision of information and feeling cared for. Participants described the comfort and understanding they experienced at ACCHS; personal relationships and having an Indigenous care provider present were important factors in the overwhelmingly positive accounts. Young people reported strategies for overcoming challenges to prevention and accessing treatment services, including being proactive by carrying condoms, persisting with behavioural intentions despite feeling shame. . Conclusion: Our findings reinforce the important role both mainstream and community-controlled health services have in the prevention and treatment of BBV/STI blood borne and sexually transmitted infections in young Indigenous people. We highlight opportunities to build on young people’s strengths, such as their valuing of their health, their persistence, and their offers to support peers, to better prevent transmission of infections and enhance access to treatment.the International Collaboration in Indigenous Health Research Program, a trilateral partnership between the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and the Health Research Council of New Zealan

Mutation analysis of HIF prolyl hydroxylases (PHD/EGLN) in individuals with features of phaeochromocytoma and renal cell carcinoma susceptibility

Germline mutations in the von Hippel–Lindau disease (VHL) and succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB) genes can cause inherited phaeochromocytoma and/or renal cell carcinoma(RCC). Dysregulation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcription factors has been linked to VHL and SDHB-related RCC; both HIF dysregulation and disordered function of a prolyl hydroxylase domain isoform 3 (PHD3/EGLN3)-related pathway of neuronal apoptosis have been linked to the development of phaeochromocytoma. The 2-oxoglutarate-dependent prolyl hydroxylase enzymes PHD1 (EGLN2), PHD2 (EGLN1) and PHD3 (EGLN3) have a key role in regulating the stability of HIF-a subunits (and hence expression of the HIF-a transcription factors). A germline PHD2 mutation has been reported in association with congenital erythrocytosis and recurrent extra-adrenal phaeochromocytoma. We undertook mutation analysis of PHD1, PHD2 and PHD3 in two cohorts of patients with features of inherited phaeochromocytoma (nZ82) and inherited RCC (nZ64) and no evidence of germline mutations in known susceptibility genes. No confirmed pathogenic mutations were detected suggesting that mutations in these genes are not a frequent cause of inherited phaeochromocytoma or RCC

A comparison of bribery and bidding in thin markets

This paper compares bribery to competitive bidding in a government purchasing context. While competitive bidding is one method of procurement, bribery is a common alternative in many Third World countries. Although bribery is often considered to be the ethical antithesis of competitive bidding, the analysis shows there is a fundamental isomorphism between bribery and competitive bidding on the supply side of the transaction.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/26307/1/0000392.pd